Influence of lower threshold on empirical data in estimation of multifractal parameters (using atmospheric extinction coefficient as the field of study)
Résumé
Data obtained from measurement campaigns are often influenced by the instrumental limitations such as upper and lower detection limits. One such example is atmospheric visibility where the objectively measured quantity, extinction coefficient (σe) is used in obtaining a subjective quantity - Meteorological observable range or MOR - as required by field of application. Majority of values in MOR are close to the upper limit. As MOR is a range, presence of an upper limit or threshold in visibility (this corresponds to a lower threshold in σe) introduces biases in estimation of the multifractal parameters, making retrieval of the real underlying field difficult.
In this study, we examine the consequences in characterizing atmospheric visibility using σe specifically with respect to the presence of a lower threshold. For this σe was extracted from forward scattering visibility data by disdrometer (Campbell Scientific PWS100) located in Paris area and operated by Hydrology, Meteorology, and Complexity laboratory of École des Ponts ParisTech (HM&Co, ENPC) as well as from MOR measured at Paris-Charles de Gaulle airport. The fields were characterized using the framework of Universal Multifractals (UM), which is widely used for analyzing geophysical fields that exhibit extreme variability. From direct analysis and simulations, it was found that σe shows multifractal properties but the values of parameters are influenced by the presence of the lower threshold in data. Using theoretical formulation, here we illustrate this behavior and how presence of threshold makes moment orders bounded.
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