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                  <publisher>Association générale des hygiénistes et techniciens municipaux [1986-2003] - Association scientifique et technique pour l'eau et l'environnement (ASTEE) [2004-....]</publisher>
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                <term xml:lang="en">river</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">pollution</term>
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              <p>Global estimations state between 1 and 10 million metric tons of plastic entering the oceans each year. But, they are associated with great uncertainties due to methodological difficulties to accurately quantify plastic fluxes from continent into oceans. New studies at basin scale are thus needed to improve model calibrations. Here, a modelling approach based on JAMBECK’s statistical method and a field approach are compared in order to (i) quantify plastic fluxes in the Seine River and (ii) constrain uncertainties and their origins of the both approaches. Despite the simplicity of the statistical approach and rough extrapolations, both methods yield similar results, i.e. between 1,800 and 5,900 t/yr of plastic flowing into the Seine River. Whereas about 100 t/yr of plastic litter are removed by involved NGOs, which is a small fraction of the estimated flux. According to the MSFD (2008), actions are undertaken to quantify plastic fluxes entering the oceans. Among different methods, a better use of the data from the waste collection by NGOs should be considered. The development of a national and homogenous platform listing all the collects could be a first step in that direction.</p>
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              <p>Des estimations globales établissent des flux de plastiques entrant en mer entre 1 et 10 millions de tonnes chaque année. Mais elles sont associées à de grandes incertitudes liées à des difficultés méthodologiques pour quantifier les flux de plastiques du continent vers les océans. Travailler à l’échelle des bassins versants s’avère nécessaire afin de mieux calibrer ces approches globales. Dans cette étude, une approche de modélisation conceptuelle, basée sur l’approche statistique de JAMBECK et al., et une approche de terrain sont comparées avec pour objectif (i) de quantifier les flux de plastiques transitant en Seine et (ii) de préciser les incertitudes des deux approches et leur origine. Malgré la simplicité des approches statistiques et des techniques d’extrapolation utilisées, les deux méthodes donnent des résultats du même ordre de grandeur, c’est-à-dire entre 1800 et 5900 t/an de plastiques transitant en Seine. Les principaux acteurs de la gestion des déchets sauvages sur le fleuve ne collectent qu’environ 100 t/an de plastiques, soit une faible fraction du flux estimé. Dans le cadre de la directive cadre stratégie pour le milieu marin (DCSMM) de 2008, des actions sont mises en oeuvre afin de quantifier les flux de plastique déversés en mer. Parmi les différentes méthodes, une meilleure exploitation des données issues des collectes des associations pourrait être une aubaine avec, par exemple, la création d’une base de données nationale et homogène répertoriant les opérations de collecte.</p>
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