<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-02104056</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-19T11:02:34+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Thermal volume changes and creep in the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Malik</forename>
                <surname>Belmokhtar</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">41643e42083f3c18d8e17ab68606f9ed</email>
              <email type="domain">enpc.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1010063</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1165516-1010063</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-388388"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-301545"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Pierre</forename>
                <surname>Delage</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">c83ac6d30371f64cb43ec1db46e1511b</email>
              <email type="domain">enpc.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">pierredelage</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">171724</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">39994-171724</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-301545"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-388388"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Siavash</forename>
                <surname>Ghabezloo</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">765fedf0c9981487ebb14f80dc77fae6</email>
              <email type="domain">enpc.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">siavash-ghabezloo</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1335386</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">630909-1335386</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2431-2116</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-204904"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-301545"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Nathalie</forename>
                <surname>Conil</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">3e088df7711d7f49b9f41712c97eb034</email>
              <email type="domain">ineris.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">nathalie-conil</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1148787</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">638085-1148787</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4058-1244</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-12854"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Pierre</forename>
                <surname>Delage</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">c83ac6d30371f64cb43ec1db46e1511b</email>
              <email type="domain">enpc.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2019-04-19 11:21:19</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-10-09 03:22:51</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2019-04-30 16:25:52</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2017-09-01</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2019-04-19</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://enpc.hal.science/hal-02104056v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2019-04-19"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://enpc.hal.science/hal-02104056v1/file/Malik%20Thermal%20HAL.pdf" id="file-2104056-2102853">
                <date notBefore="2019-04-19"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://hal-enpc.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02104056/file/Malik%20Thermal%20HAL.pdf"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="370413">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Pierre</forename>
                  <surname>Delage</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">c83ac6d30371f64cb43ec1db46e1511b</email>
                <email type="domain">enpc.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-02104056</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://enpc.hal.science/hal-02104056</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">belmokhtar:hal-02104056</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering&lt;/i&gt;, 2017, 50 (9), pp.2297-2309. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1238-7"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1007/s00603-017-1238-7&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2017, 50 (9), pp.2297-2309. &amp;#x27E8;10.1007/s00603-017-1238-7&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-2104056-2102853"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENPC" corresp="PARISTECH">École nationale des ponts et chaussées </idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ANDRA">Agence Nationale pour la gestion des Déchets RAdioactifs</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UR-NAVIER" corresp="ENPC">Laboratoire Navier</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PARISTECH">ParisTech</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IFSTTAR">Ifsttar</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GENIECIVIL">Génie Civil</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-EIFFEL">Université Gustave Eiffel</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IFSTTAR-UNIVEIFFEL">Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Thermal volume changes and creep in the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Malik</forename>
                    <surname>Belmokhtar</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">41643e42083f3c18d8e17ab68606f9ed</email>
                  <email type="domain">enpc.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1010063</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1165516-1010063</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-388388"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-301545"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Pierre</forename>
                    <surname>Delage</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">c83ac6d30371f64cb43ec1db46e1511b</email>
                  <email type="domain">enpc.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">pierredelage</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">171724</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">39994-171724</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-301545"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-388388"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Siavash</forename>
                    <surname>Ghabezloo</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">765fedf0c9981487ebb14f80dc77fae6</email>
                  <email type="domain">enpc.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">siavash-ghabezloo</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1335386</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">630909-1335386</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2431-2116</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-204904"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-301545"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Nathalie</forename>
                    <surname>Conil</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">3e088df7711d7f49b9f41712c97eb034</email>
                  <email type="domain">ineris.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">nathalie-conil</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1148787</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">638085-1148787</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4058-1244</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-12854"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">18731</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0723-2632</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1434-453X</idno>
                <title level="j">Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Springer Verlag</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">50</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">2297–2309</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2017-09-01</date>
                  <date type="dateEpub">2017-05-31</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1007/s00603-017-1238-7</idno>
              <ref type="publisher">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00603-017-1238-7</ref>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Callovo-Oxfordian</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">creep</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Thermal volume change</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">saturation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">local strains</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">claystone</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="phys">Physics [physics]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="spi.gciv.geotech">Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Géotechnique</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>The Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone is considered as a potential host rock for high-level radioactive waste disposal at great depth in France. Given the exothermic nature of radioactive wastes, a temperature elevation planned to be smaller than 100°C will affect the host rock around the disposal cells. To gain better understanding of the thermal volumetric response of the COx claystone, a new thermal isotropic compression cell was developed with particular attention devoted to monitoring axial and radial strains. To do so, a high precision LVDTs system ensuring direct contact between the LVDT stem and the claystone sample through the membrane was developed. A short drainage length (10 mm) was also ensured so as to allow full saturation of the sample under stress conditions close to in-situ, and fully drained conditions during compression. High precision strain monitoring allowed to observe a volumetric creep under stress conditions close to in-situ. A drained heating test under constant stress carried out afterwards up to 80°C exhibited a thermo-elastic expansion up to a temperature of 48°C, followed by thermoplastic contraction at higher temperature. Creep volume changes, that appeared to be enhanced by temperature, were modelled by using a simple Kelvin-Voigt model, so as to estimate the instantaneous response of the COx claystone and to determine its thermal expansion coefficient. The temperature at which the transition between thermal expansion and contraction appeared is close to the maximum burial temperature of the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone, estimated at 50°C. This is in agreement with what has been already observed on the Opalinus Clay by Monfared et al. (2013) that was interpreted as a thermal hardening phenomenon, showing that the material kept the memory of the highest temperature supported during its geological history.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-388388" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Géotechnique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">cermes</orgName>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>École des Ponts ParisTech6-8 avenue Blaise Pascal- Cité DescartesChamps-sur-MarneF-77455 Marne-la-Vallée cedex 2</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://navier.enpc.fr/Geotechnique</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-204904" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-222110" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301545" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR8205" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-301545" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02nwvxz07</idno>
          <orgName>École nationale des ponts et chaussées</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ENPC</orgName>
          <date type="start">1747-02-14</date>
          <date type="end">2024-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>École nationale des ponts et chaussées, 6-8 avenue Blaise-Pascal, Cité Descartes, Champs-sur-Marne, 77455 Marne-la-Vallée cedex 2</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://ecoledesponts.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-204904" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">144736829</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200718421X</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire Navier</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">navier umr 8205</orgName>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Ecole des Ponts ParisTech 6 / 8 avenue Blaise Pascal 77455 CHAMPS SUR MARNE</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://navier.enpc.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-222110" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301545" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR8205" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-12854" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04qkhgw46</idno>
          <orgName>Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ANDRA</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Parc de la Croix Blanche,  rue Jean Monnet,  92298 Chatenay Malabry</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.andra.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-222110" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02xwvzv71</idno>
          <orgName>Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IFSTTAR</orgName>
          <date type="start">2011-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>14-20 Boulevard Newton - Cité Descartes, Champs sur Marne - F-77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ifsttar.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>