<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-00870038</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-07T06:01:04+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Rethinking climate engineering categorization in the context of climate change mitigation and adaptation</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Olivier</forename>
                <surname>Boucher</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">0e62215749363098c08468bd53598036</email>
              <email type="domain">lmd.jussieu.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1114942</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">141196-1114942</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-5769</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/071071474</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-143"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Piers M.</forename>
                <surname>Forster</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">932852-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1194"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Nicolas</forename>
                <surname>Gruber</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">757567</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">188166-757567</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2085-2310</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/11914333X</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-241190"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Minh</forename>
                <surname>Ha-Duong</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">d6056dfeb6985e99e5e9fd65b31a0d94</email>
              <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">minh-ha-duong</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">521</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">25-521</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9988-2100</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/143376276</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-135977"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Mark G.</forename>
                <surname>Lawrence</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">932853-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-355894"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Timothy M.</forename>
                <surname>Lenton</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">618076-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-254417"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Achim</forename>
                <surname>Maas</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">738879-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-233047"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Naomi E.</forename>
                <surname>Vaughan</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">932854-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-66140"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-108231"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Minh</forename>
                <surname>Ha-Duong</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">d6056dfeb6985e99e5e9fd65b31a0d94</email>
              <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2014-01-04 07:00:23</date>
              <date type="whenWritten">2013-10</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-02-07 05:10:24</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2013-10-04 20:23:46</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2014-01</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2014-01-04</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://enpc.hal.science/hal-00870038v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2014-01-04"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://enpc.hal.science/hal-00870038v1/file/WIREs-categorisation-revised-v5-AuthorsCopy.pdf" id="file-870038-675637">
                <date notBefore="2014-01-04"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wcc.261"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="100250">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Minh</forename>
                  <surname>Ha-Duong</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">d6056dfeb6985e99e5e9fd65b31a0d94</email>
                <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-00870038</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://enpc.hal.science/hal-00870038</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">boucher:hal-00870038</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change&lt;/i&gt;, 2014, 5 (1), pp.23-25. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcc.261"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1002/wcc.261&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 2014, 5 (1), pp.23-25. &amp;#x27E8;10.1002/wcc.261&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-870038-675637"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SHS">Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CIRAD">CIRAD - Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SDE">Sciences De l'Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSU">INSU - Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="X">École polytechnique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENS-PARIS">Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AGROPARISTECH">AgroParisTech</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENPC" corresp="PARISTECH">École nationale des ponts et chaussées </idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UPMC" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Université Pierre et Marie Curie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-CERGY">Université de Cergy Pontoise</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PSUD">Université Paris Sud - Paris XI</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENS-CACHAN">Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNAM">Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="EHESS">Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CIRED">Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="X-LMD" corresp="X">Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD)</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="X-DEP-MECA">Département de mécanique de l’École polytechnique </idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PARISTECH">ParisTech</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LMD" corresp="ENS-PARIS">Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENPC-LMD" corresp="ENPC">Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SATIE" corresp="UNIV-CERGY">Systèmes et Applications des Technologies de l'Information et de l'Energie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GIP-BE">GIP Bretagne Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IFSTTAR">Ifsttar</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CIRED-GIEC-2014" corresp="CIRED">Publications du CIRED référencées dans le rapport du GIEC 2014</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CAMPUS-AAR">Campus-AAR</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AAI">Collection LaCAS - Open Archives in Language and Cultural Area Studies</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PSL">Université Paris sciences et lettres</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PARIS-SACLAY">Université Paris-Saclay</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AGREENIUM">Archive ouverte en agrobiosciences</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PSUD-SACLAY" corresp="UNIV-PARIS-SACLAY">Université Paris Sud pour Paris Saclay</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UPMC_POLE_3" corresp="UPMC">UPMC Pôle 3</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-RENNES">Université de Rennes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-SCIENCES" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Faculté des Sciences de Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENS-PSL" corresp="PSL">École normale supérieure - PSL</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="EHESS-PSL" corresp="PSL">École des hautes études en sciences sociales - PSL</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CY-TECH-SE" corresp="UNIV-CERGY">CY TECH : Sciences expérimentales</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-TI">Sorbonne Université - Texte Intégral</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="FARMAN">Institut Farman</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENS-PARIS-SACLAY">Ecole Normale Supérieure paris-Saclay</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ALLIANCE-SU"> Alliance Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-EIFFEL">Université Gustave Eiffel</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IFSTTAR-UNIVEIFFEL">Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="HESAM-CNAM" corresp="HESAM">Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers - Hesam</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="HESAM">Hesam</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="DEPARTEMENT-DE-MATHEMATIQUES">Collection du Département de Mathématiques</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IP-PARIS-DEPARTEMENT-MATHEMATIQUES">Département de Mathèmatiques</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Rethinking climate engineering categorization in the context of climate change mitigation and adaptation</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Olivier</forename>
                    <surname>Boucher</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">0e62215749363098c08468bd53598036</email>
                  <email type="domain">lmd.jussieu.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1114942</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">141196-1114942</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-5769</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/071071474</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-143"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Piers M.</forename>
                    <surname>Forster</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">932852-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1194"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Nicolas</forename>
                    <surname>Gruber</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">757567</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">188166-757567</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2085-2310</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/11914333X</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-241190"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Minh</forename>
                    <surname>Ha-Duong</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">d6056dfeb6985e99e5e9fd65b31a0d94</email>
                  <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">minh-ha-duong</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">521</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">25-521</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9988-2100</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/143376276</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-135977"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Mark G.</forename>
                    <surname>Lawrence</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">932853-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-355894"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Timothy M.</forename>
                    <surname>Lenton</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">618076-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-254417"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Achim</forename>
                    <surname>Maas</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">738879-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-233047"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Naomi E.</forename>
                    <surname>Vaughan</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">932854-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-66140"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-108231"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">70667</idno>
                <idno type="issn">1757-7799</idno>
                <title level="j">Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Wiley</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">5</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">23-25</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2014-01</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1002/wcc.261</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">greenhouse gas</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">carbon dioxide</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">environmental effect</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">engineering</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">emission control</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">climate change</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdu.stu.cl">Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sde.mcg">Environmental Sciences/Global Changes</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sde.ie">Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="shs.envir">Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sde">Environmental Sciences</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.ee">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>The portfolio of approaches to respond to the challenges posed by anthropogenic climate change has broadened beyond mitigation and adaptation with the recent discussion of potential climate engineering options. How to define and categorize climate engineering options has been a recurring issue in both public and specialist discussions. We assert here that current definitions of mitigation, adaptation and climate engineering are ambiguous, overlap with each other and thus contribute to confusing the discourse on how to tackle anthropogenic climate change. We propose a new and more inclusive categorization into five different classes: anthropogenic emissions reductions (of short-lived climate agents and long-lived greenhouse gases, abbreviated AER, territorial or domestic removal of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases (D-GGR), trans-territorial or trans-boundary removal of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases (T-GGR), regional to planetary targeted climate and environmental modification (TCM), and climate change adaptation measures (including local targeted climate and environmental modification, abbreviated CCAM). Thus, we suggest that techniques for domestic greenhouse gas removal might better be thought of as forming a separate category alongside more traditional mitigation techniques that consist of emissions reductions. Local targeted climate modification can be seen as an adaptation measure as long as there are no detectable remote environmental effects. In both cases, the scale and intensity of action are essential attributes from the technological, climatic and political viewpoints. Whilst some of the boundaries in this revised classification depend on policy and judgement, it offers a foundation for debating on how to define and categorize climate engineering options and differentiate them from both mitigation and adaptation measures to climate change.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-143" status="OLD">
          <idno type="RNSR">199812867Z</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539)</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LMD</orgName>
          <date type="start">1968-03-29</date>
          <date type="end">1997-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>LMD ENS 24 Rue Lhomond 75231 Paris Cedex 05</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-93591" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300340" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-563936" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301545" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UPR1211" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-506084" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-59704" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-1194" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">155499165</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200212702C</idno>
          <orgName>Systèmes et Applications des Technologies de l'Information et de l'Energie</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SATIE</orgName>
          <date type="start">2002-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-10-28</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>61 av du President Wilson 94235 CACHAN Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.satie.ens-cachan.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-6862" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-92966" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-222110" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-247362" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR CNRS 8029" active="#struct-300305" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-531928" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR8029" active="#struct-300351" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR8029" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-241190" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IBP</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Universitaetstrasse 16,  8092 Zurich</addrLine>
              <country key="CH"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ibp.ethz.ch/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-497712" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-180925" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-135977" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">026510413</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">199812896F</idno>
          <orgName>centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CIRED</orgName>
          <date type="start">1998-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>45 bis, avenue de la Belle Gabrielle - 94736 Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.centre-cired.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR56" active="#struct-11574" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-99539" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-148117" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301545" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR8568" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-355894" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">028881559</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0420zvk78</idno>
          <orgName>Concordia University = Université Concordia [Montreal]</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>1455 Boulevard de Maisonneuve O, Montréal, QC H3G 1M8</addrLine>
              <country key="CA"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.concordia.ca/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-254417" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Chemistry</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Pasadena</addrLine>
              <country key="US"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-340667" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-233047" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01vvnmw35</idno>
          <orgName>Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IASS</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Berliner Strasse 130, D-14467 Potsdam</addrLine>
              <country key="DE"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.iass-potsdam.de/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-66140" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Royaume-Uni</addrLine>
              <country key="GB"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.tyndall.ac.uk</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-336687" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-108231" status="VALID">
          <orgName>School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich]</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK</addrLine>
              <country key="GB"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.uea.ac.uk/environmental-sciences</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-336687" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-93591" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02en5vm52</idno>
          <orgName>Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UPMC</orgName>
          <date type="end">2017-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>4 place Jussieu - 75005 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.upmc.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">029349265</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2154 1736</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04kdfz702</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q3152437</idno>
          <orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.insu.cnrs.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300340" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">027309320</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121581279</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05hy3tk52</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q273626</idno>
          <orgName>École polytechnique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">X</orgName>
          <date type="start">1794-03-11</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.polytechnique.edu/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-563936" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-563936" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">238327159</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000502717600</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/042tfbd02</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q48759778</idno>
          <orgName>Institut Polytechnique de Paris</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IP Paris</orgName>
          <date type="start">2019-06-02</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.ip-paris.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-301545" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02nwvxz07</idno>
          <orgName>École nationale des ponts et chaussées</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ENPC</orgName>
          <date type="start">1747-02-14</date>
          <date type="end">2024-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>École nationale des ponts et chaussées, 6-8 avenue Blaise-Pascal, Cité Descartes, Champs-sur-Marne, 77455 Marne-la-Vallée cedex 2</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://ecoledesponts.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-506084" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Département des Géosciences - ENS-PSL</orgName>
          <date type="start">1991-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.geosciences.ens.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-59704" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-59704" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">031738419</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000123532622</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05a0dhs15</idno>
          <orgName>École normale supérieure - Paris</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ENS-PSL</orgName>
          <date type="start">1985-07-24</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>45, Rue d'Ulm - 75230 Paris cedex 05</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.ens.psl.eu/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-564132" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">241597595</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 1784 3645</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/013cjyk83</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris Sciences et Lettres</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">PSL</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>60 rue Mazarine 75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.psl.eu/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-6862" status="VALID">
          <orgName>École normale supérieure - Cachan</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ENS Cachan</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>61, avenue du Président Wilson - 94230 Cachan</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ens-cachan.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-92966" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/028rypz17</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UP11</orgName>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Bâtiment 300 - 91405 Orsay cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.u-psud.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-222110" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02xwvzv71</idno>
          <orgName>Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IFSTTAR</orgName>
          <date type="start">2011-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>14-20 Boulevard Newton - Cité Descartes, Champs sur Marne - F-77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ifsttar.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-247362" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03rxtdc22</idno>
          <orgName>École normale supérieure - Rennes</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ENS Rennes</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Campus de Ker Lann - avenue Robert Schuman - 35170 Bruz</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ens-rennes.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300305" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">03463486X</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03vs46t66</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Cergy Pontoise</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UCP</orgName>
          <date type="start">1991-07-22</date>
          <date type="end">2019-10-29</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>33 Boulevard du Port, 95011 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.u-cergy.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-531928" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-531928" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">203111508</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0033vhx30</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris-Seine</orgName>
          <date type="start">2015-02-13</date>
          <date type="end">2019-10-29</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>3 avenue Bernard Hirsch, CS 50105, 95021 Cergy-Pontoise</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.universiteparisseine.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300351" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">027404978</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121690459</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0175hh227</idno>
          <orgName>Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Cnam</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>292 Rue Saint-Martin, 75003 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.cnam.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-497712" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">D-USYS</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Universitätstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zürich</addrLine>
              <country key="CH"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.usys.ethz.ch/en/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-180925" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-180925" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05a28rw58</idno>
          <orgName>Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology  [Zürich]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ETH Zürich</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Hauptgebäude, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich</addrLine>
              <country key="CH"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.ethz.ch/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-11574" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121539871</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05kpkpg04</idno>
          <orgName>Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Cirad</orgName>
          <date type="start">1984-06-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Siège 42, rue Scheffer 75116 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.cirad.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-99539" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026374889</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02d9dg697</idno>
          <orgName>École des hautes études en sciences sociales</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">EHESS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1975-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>54, boulevard Raspail 75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ehess.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-148117" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">139408088</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02kbmgc12</idno>
          <orgName>AgroParisTech</orgName>
          <date type="start">2007-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>22 place de l'Agronomie CS 20040 91123 Palaiseau cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.agroparistech.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-340667" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05dxps055</idno>
          <orgName>California Institute of Technology</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CALTECH</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125</addrLine>
              <country key="US"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.caltech.edu</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-336687" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/026k5mg93</idno>
          <orgName>University of East Anglia [Norwich]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UEA</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK</addrLine>
              <country key="GB"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.uea.ac.uk/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>